HighForce® Extended Reach Tool
Completion Energy developed the 2-7/8” HighForce™ Extended Reach Tool, run on 2-3/8″ CT, for a major operator to use, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as part of an extended reach acid stimulation job in a carbonate formation. The acid stimulation is performed with 15% HCl, to remove the damage left by drilling, and be able to increase the well productivity.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this type of stimulation is to efficiently reach TD, starting the stimulation from the shoe, in an open-hole section of around 7600 ft, deploying the CT and the 2-7/8’’ HighForce™ Extended Reach Tool. The pump rate was restricted due to CT tubing pressure limitations.
RESULTS
The HighForce™ Extended Reach Tool covered 99% of the open hole section. After reaching the casing shoe, the tool was activated with a flow rate of 1.2 bpm, changing the fluid from water to pre-flush. Approximately 3 bpm was then used after a 1000 ft pull of the tool from the TD. This rate was used due to rig limitations in terms of circulating pressure capability.
Milling Wellbore Plugs with 2 3/8” CT (HRDH-2184)
Completion Energy successfully milled four wellbore plugs using 2 3/8” CT for a major operator, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in a sandstone formation.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this type of milling was to mill out four plugs, using a CT unit. The plugs were located at 14,310 ft, 14,430 ft, 14, 560 ft and 14, 742 ft.
RESULTS
The first plug located at 14,310 ft was successfully milled with no problems. An attempt was done to mill the second plug, with no progress. After POOH the BHA to inspect the tool, it was found out that the mill bit was worn out and found pieces from the 1st plug with the mill head. After performing some adjustments to the BHA and motors, and getting stable parameters, the second plug was finally milled out. The remaining plugs were then also milled out with no problems. A bottom-up clean-out was performed after milling each one of the plugs, as a regular practice.
SolvFrac® Dissolvable Plugs Deployed In Tight Gas Reservoirs
Dissolvable plug technology has been successfully deployed by an operator in the Middle East, in tight gas reservoirs. Two wells were used as a trial for the use of this type of plug. Even though the plugs were run in the two selected wells, only one plug got fully dissolved without the use of the conventional coil tubing mill out method. The advantage of not using the coil tubing to mill out the plugs is worth trying using those plugs in a multi-stage completion to be able to capitalize on the full spectrum of benefits both on the economy as well as operational and safety fronts.
OBJECTIVE
The deployment of degradable plugs in two trial wells, one being a three-stage and the other an eight-stage plug and perf operations in tight gas reservoirs. The goal was to evaluate the successful deployment of this technology by reducing the risk associated with the use of mechanical tools to drill out the conventional plugs, and the pressure hold up by the soluble plugs. When planning efficient completion operations, the economics and safety would be elements goals part of optimum well performance.
RESULTS
In a three-stage completion well, the mechanical post-frac intervention was made on one plug but the degradation option was achieved on the second plug. The results of those two opposing procedures allowed to establish operational performance comparisons in terms of time, efficiency, risk and well integrity issues. For the eight-stage well, all the plugs were milled out using coil tubing.
The set goals by the operator were achieved in terms of holding high operational pressures, and successfully performing the fracture treatment after dropping the dissolvable ball of each plug.
The first plug of the three-stage well, was able to hold pressure after 32-hour exposure to wellbore fluids, which is the longest time achieved downhole for a degradable frac plug. The use of high-grade materials allowed the plug to perform successfully in the high pressure/temperature application. Achieving a shorter time to put the well online is materialized as well as a lower operational risk by not using the conventional mechanical option to remove the plugs.
In the eight-stage wells, on the other hand, the plug mill out operation with coil tubing required around one hour per plug, which also added limiting working pressures acting on the casing string. With those results, costly and risky post-frac intervention practices can be eliminated, and set goals can be accomplished which leads to an efficient operation and a well more productive.
3 5/8” Clean Out BHA (BRRI-573 Well)
3 5/8” Rawabi Archer Clean Out was run to 13930 ft. Then a polish mill was run and 9 5/8” scraper BHA was run. A 7” Scab liner was then run and cemented casing. Following this, 3 5/8” BHA was run on 5.5” DP. A 4.5 “ polish mill was then run to work on TOL. Finally an 9 5/8 casing scraper BHA was deployed. An acid wash stimulation was then performed.
Three Stage Perforation, Prop Frac and Flowback (HRDH-1884)
As per client’s requirements, the perforation and proppant frac stimulation is expected to efficiently meet the required gas demand.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this program is to perform a three-stage prop fracturing job and flow back the well. The plan was to perforate the 1st stage, then injection tests performed for stages 1 to 3, after this, the main frack for stages 1 to 3 are performed. Isolation and perforation of stages 2 and 3 is then performed. Once the frac are performed, a flow back for a controlled cleanup though an expandable choke system, (ECS) is finally performed.
Seven Stage Perforation, Prop Frac and Flowback (HRDH-1819)
This is a job to plug and perf, prop frac and flowback seven-stage completion, with expected plug depths between 15,600 to 17,000 ft. A dummy plug and gun were run, on the tractor with a 3.5 in OD plug, to 17,450 ft. Due to low injectivity, the decision was made to perforate stage 2 without setting a plug to isolate stage 1. All the remaining stages were plug and perf, according to the table below
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this type of completion is to efficiently produce tight gas reservoirs. So, the frac and milling operations are very critical to get this goal. Once each plug is milled, a HiVis gel is pumped, while reciprocating across the plug depth. Also, after every three plugs are milled, sweep trips up to 10,000 ft are performed while pumping treated water to circulate the debris/cuttings to the surface. Once all plugs are milled, a trip to TD (17,450 ft) is performed to circulate all debris back to the surface. The main goal with this type of completion is to contact as much of the tight reservoir area as possible to efficiently get gas well productivitiesSix Stage Plug and Perf, Acid Frac and Flowback, (HWYH-1087)
This is a job to plug and perf, prop frac and flowback six-stage completion, with expected plug depths between 15,800 to 11,610 ft. The isolation plug is Dissolvable, Completion Energy Flow Through Plug. The 1st stage is perforated on tractor with E-line. The Stage perforation intervals and plug depths are given by the below table:
OBJECTIVE
The milling operation should be performed by circulating gel and TW to the end of the CT pumping while reciprocating at the plug depth. This will allow getting an efficient plug removal, and the debris/cuttings taken to the surface, avoiding remaining in the wellbore, leading to fracture underperformance due to unclean wellbore The main goal with this type of completion is to contact as much of the tight reservoir area as possible to efficiently get gas well productivitiesSeven Stage Plug and Perf, Acid Frac and Flowback, (HWYH-1257)
This is a job to plug and perf, prop frac and flowback a seven-stage completion. In this case, with expected plug depths between 18,060 to 15,060 ft. The isolation plug is Dissolvable, Completion Energy Flow Through Plug. The 1st stage is perforated on tractor with E-line. The Stage perforation intervals and plug depths is given by the below table:
An injection test is performed, requiring at least a minimum rate of 1 BPM for each one of the six stages on this completion. The isolation plug is a dissolvable Completion Energy Flow Through plug. It requires the ball to be dropped prior to pumping the injection test, for stages 2 to 6. Once the injection test data is analysed, the main frac treatment for the whole stage is performed. QC/QA tests on the fluids are required at this stage.
The stages 2 to 6 plug and perf pump down is then performed. The Dissolvable plugs are used as the main plug for this case. After performing the plug and perf phase, the well is put on flow back to efficiently clean up the wellbore and get optimum productivity.
Four Stage Plug and Perf, Acid Frac and Flowback, (SDGM-1001)
OBJECTIVE
Due to the exposure time at BHT conditions, operational efficiency is paramount to get a successful operation using this type of pioneering technology. To support this goal, an operations workflow is used as an efficiency enabler/KPI along the different phases of the operation. The initial cluster quantity for each stage has been reduced to ensure plug setting and perforation can be performed in a single e-line for each stage. The Stage perforation intervals and plug depths are given by the below table:
Due to poor cement quality in most of the cases, one of the issues is the liner deformation and subsequent plug milling challenges, dissolvable plugs are utilized to mitigate the high risk of plug milling under those conditions.
HRDH Gas Delivery System, Sixteen Stage Plug and Perf, Acid Frac and Flowback, (HRDH-1228)
OBJECTIVE
The overall objective of this program is to perforate and perform a 16-stage proppant fracture completion, utilizing the plug and perf technology across a gas reservoir, and then flow back into the well. The operation will be deploying both Vertech and SolvFrac dissolvable plugs (Completion Energy), as an enabling technology to improve the liner deformation and subsequent plug milling challenges, with the hope that dissolvable plugs can mitigate the high risk of plug milling under those conditions. Due to the exposure time at BHT conditions, operational efficiency is paramount to get a successful operation using this type of pioneering technology. To support this goal, an operations workflow is used as an efficiency enabler/KPI along the different phases of the operation. The initial cluster quantity for each stage has been reduced to ensure plug setting and perforation can be performed in a single e-line for each stage. The well had been originally designed for 16 stages, but having observed TCA/CCA communication after fracturing the first three stages, the well was worked over to repair the communication. The perforations are now limited to frac 10 stages. The dissolvable plugs are then used as a technology allowing the elimination of the risk of not being able to mill the plugs due to the high risk the liner deformation in this well.HRDH Gas Delivery System, Eight Stage Plug and Perf, Acid Frac and Flowback, (HRDH-1241)
OBJECTIVE
The overall objective of this program is to perforate and perform an 8-stage proppant fracture completion, utilizing the plug and perf technology across the horizontal UNYZ-A reservoir, and then flow back the well.
The depth of perfs and plugs, for stage 2 to 8 is listed in the table:
The operation will be deploying SolvFrac dissolvable plugs (Completion Energy), as enabling technology to improve the liner deformation and subsequent plug milling challenges, with the hope that dissolvable plugs can mitigate the high risk of plug milling under those conditions.
Only 6 stages were finally fracked. The performance of the well , after the flowback stage, was below expectations.